Parasitic infections are a large group of diseases, pathogens which are the microorganisms of the class protozoa, helminths (worms). Date, more than 200 species of parasites, of which 70 species are found in the European countries, Russia.
Parasites invading the human body, develop, and exist, whereas the "exploitation" of the resources of the body, but the intoxication of the slag materials, and that bothers a number of organs and systems.
The first stage of development of helminthiasisok infection diagnosis of the disease is not possible, because I still can't feel the presence of the parasites, the condition is satisfactory.
In fact, after a while, people still experience discomfort in the presence of the parasites in the body, it's just that sometimes experience some minor problems with some organs and systems. In this case, the important factor is careful attention to the health. Even a small disease could be the first alarm signal, to the development of the disease begins.
Most often the infection is diagnosed accidentally, the result of a routine medical examination, or if the person has already sought medical care as a consequence of the rapidly deteriorating general condition.
Classification of the parasites
All parasites are divided into:
- protozoa (Giardia, Toxoplasma gondii, Entamoeba histolytica);
- worms (tapeworm, industry, Toxocara)
Helminths diverse group of parasites, which are representative of the different life cycle, biological characteristics, distribution in the body, as well as individual development. So klassificeret worms different principles: structure, life cycle, depending on the location of the parasite and duration of interaction with the host organisation.
Biological principles distinguish:
- Bio-helminths (bovine, porcine tapeworm, Echinococcus, opisthorchis). The life cycle of these parasites should be carried out two or even three intermediate stations, i.e. other living things.
- Geo-helminths (Ascaris, running, Ancylostoma). The course of the development does not require a change to the owner, or excreted with the feces, the environment, and it is localized in the soil, and a certain temperature, the humidity, the eggs and the developing larvae. The eggs containing live larvae enters the body, the next step in the development.
- Pin worms (tapeworm, dwarf tapeworm) these parasites stand out in the environment together with feces, and the lack of personal hygiene, the infection is oral fecal route, the eggs of these parasites, a person swallows. The main source of infection is dirty hands.
The structure of the helminths are divided into:
- jerk or round worms (tapeworm, industry,vlasoglavy);
- trematodes or flukes (Schistosoma, opisthorchis, cat-Siberian Fluke);
- cestodes or tapeworms (Echinococcus, cattle, pork tapeworm).
The site of the organization to distinguish between:
- intestinal worms (colours, industry, cattle, or pork tapeworm);
- outside-intestinal (alveolar, opisthorchiasis, the Trichinella species).
Way infection parasites
There are various ways of Contracting worms:
- The eating of the meat dishes, which is not exposed to the quality of heat treatment, meat can contain parasites, which are closely fixed, the muscles of the small or large cattle, eating the meat of infected people, swine, bovine tapeworm, Echinococcus.
- Consumption of salted, smoked, small solo, the raw fish. The raw fish opisthorchis a tapeworm, because the life cycle of these parasites involves changing several owners, one of which is fish.
- With the use of raw water from unknown sources, washing dishes, vegetables, fruits, water, for example, on vacation.
- If you work in the garden without protective gloves geo-helminths can get your hands on, then hands the mouth. You can also get infected by this type of parasites through the dirty, vegetables, herbs, fruits.
- Through contact with pet. Domestic dogs, cats are carriers of many parasites. In particular, do not allow Pets to sleep in the same bed, people, or allow them to lick your hands, face of a person.
- The source of infection people can become infected with acute form of helminthiasis.
The symptoms of worms are adult
Signs of worms in humans occur in the late stage of infection. Of course, who signs your body gives at the beginning of the disease, it's time to pay attention to have them correctly interpreted. The first stage of the penetration of the parasites in the human body may have mild symptoms, which can be taken as a result of other diseases:
- fatigue;
- the common headache;
- progressive weakness;
- irritability;
- sleep disturbance;
- the weight loss for no apparent reason;
- apathy, depression.
The next step in the development of the helminthiasisok infections, general Allergy of the body. The skin of the patient appear in the different types of eruptions, and clinical blood tests show an increase in eosinophils, indicating that the development of allergic reactions.
When the parasite develops into an adult, as well as localized to a particular organ, the symptoms, characterized by the presence of parasites. Most often, the worms are placed in the thin or large intestine, therefore, experience symptoms characteristic of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of dyspepsia (fermentative, putrefactive phenomena):
- pain in the navel;
- loss or poor appetite;
- in some cases, increased appetite;
- flatulence; rumbling, gurgling in the abdomen;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- vomiting, diarrhea;
- flatulence.
The following the development of anemia, vitamin a deficiency, because the person is missing nutrients, to catch the parasites. In this case, the person feels that:
- chronic fatigue;
- dizziness;
- progressive weakness;
- headache.
Severe, advanced cases, observed the development of serious diseases, for which urgent treatment:
- allergic myocarditis;
- meningoencephalitis;
- pneumonia;
- hepatitis, or diseases of the hemostasis;
- hematuria (blood in the urine);
- the decline of the defense forces of the body (a malfunction of the immune system);
- dysfunction of the endocrine system;
- lymph nodes.
The decrease in the protective forces in the body increases the likelihood of developing viral, bacterial infections. But the children, the parasites provoke the delayed physical growth, mental development. The symptoms of worms in humans are common, however, different parasites, as well as the localization in the body, contributing to the characteristic symptoms in the affected organs.
The clinical picture of the invasion of different species of parasites
Depending on the helminthiasisok live in the body, the symptoms can be very diverse.
For example, when enterobiasis is the most important symptoms:
- itching of the anus;
- pain in the abdomen;
- wolverine girls, the relationship of the parasite to the vaginal mucosa.
The initial phase of ascariasis, which is called migration, manifested in the form of:
- lung diseases: bronchitis, pharyngitis or tracheitis.
Intestinal form of ascariasis observed:
- nausea, vomiting;
- abdominal pain;
- decrease in appetite;
- the lesions on the skin;
- increase of eosinophils in the blood.
Severe, advanced cases can be observed:
- violation of the integrity of the bowel wall;
- the subsequent development of peritonitis, appendicitis (in contact with Ascaris, Appendix a);
- liver;
- intestinal obstruction (blockage in the bowel lumen).
During infection of the cestode (tapeworm) the process of defecation, together with chair on the part of the parasite. In this case experience any of the following symptoms:
- nausea, vomiting;
- progressive weakness;
- dizziness, headache;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- abdominal pain;
- the decrease in body mass.
The progression of the disease, severe anaemia, caused by deficiency of vitamin b 12 and iron.
Opisthorchis the presence in the body can cause severe lesions of the bile ducts, the liver, the gall bladder, the wires of the pancreas. Since the presence of parasites in these organs, an obstacle is created to the outflow of bile, the developing cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, inflammation of the pancreas. Inflammatory processes in these organs, accompanied by rise in temperature, heaviness in the right hypochondrium, pain in region of gall bladder (biliary colic), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The presence of Trichinella in the body causing severe damage to the muscles: intercostal, chewing muscles, tongue, pharynx, the eyes, the diaphragm.
Hook worms, vlasoglavy, shistosoma, a tapeworm in the body because of the anemia, intestinal dysbiosis, deficiency, metabolic diseases. Urine-sexual schistosomiasis looks like this symptoms urinating blood.
When alveococcosis, echinococcosis, cysticercosis initial stage, is almost asymptomatic, but when the acute stage of the development is going on to suppuration, rupture of small cysts of the parasite, which is very serious consequences:
- the peritonitis;
- pleurisy;
- anaphylactic shock;
- damage to the blood vessels, chronic bleeding (hook worm blood);
- the Central nervous system.
Orsóférgek Strongyloides provoke the development of allergic reactions, pathology of the biliary tract, diseases of the digestive tract.
A test that determines the presence of parasites in the body
With this test we can detect the presence of parasites in the body. To do this, we need to answer the following questions:
- I tickle your anus?
- There are skin rash?
- You feel nausea?
- Is vomiting?
- If you have insomnia?
- There's a bitter taste in the mouth? How often?
- Enlarged lymph nodes?
- How often muscle pain? What is the intensity?
- There is a loss of body weight?
- There is loss of appetite?
- If the symptoms, such as tiredness, fatigue, reduced concentration and efficiency?
If the received 10 positive responses, we can assume that the presence of helminthiasisok infection with a high degree of probability. These symptoms observed in the acute stage of the disease. Because in this period the most significant impact on the body.
Prevention, anti-worm infections
Prevention of helminthiasis primarily boils down to the personal hygiene:
- washing your hands often;
- the frequent changes of underwear, bedding;
- timely, quality cleaning of the site;
- the use of certain household items: towels, kitchen equipment, etc.;
- timely deworming your pet;
- quality heat treatment of meat products, fish;
- the rejection of the use of raw fish, gently eat, salted, dried, smoked, a little salt fish;
- all garden work protective gloves;
- only clear drinking water;
- do not swim in unknown waters.
- if carried out drug prevention helminthiasis twice a year: spring and fall.